5 Ways to Prevent Color Transfer on Figures | Complete Guide from Causes to Removal Techniques

Have you ever experienced the color of a costume transferring to the skin parts of your precious figure? Issues like "the marks from black tights on the thighs" or "the hair color staining the face" are common concerns for figure collectors. The shock is particularly significant when color transfer occurs on expensive figures.

However, with the right knowledge and measures, color transfer can be prevented in most cases. This article comprehensively explains the mechanisms behind color transfer, specific prevention strategies, and removal methods in case color transfer does occur.

While general maintenance methods for figures are detailed in the "Complete Guide to Figure Maintenance | Thorough Explanation from Yellowing, Color Transfer, Dust Prevention to Storage Methods," this article focuses specifically on information related to color transfer.

What is Color Transfer on Figures?

Color transfer refers to the phenomenon where one part's pigment moves to another part due to contact between the parts of a figure. In many cases, color transfers from darker parts (such as black or navy costumes, brown hair, etc.) to lighter parts (such as skin-colored bodies or white costumes).

This phenomenon is particularly likely to occur with PVC (polyvinyl chloride) figures, and it can happen not only with figures that are displayed after being opened but also with figures that are stored unopened. It is crucial to address color transfer as soon as it is discovered. If left unattended, the pigment can penetrate deeply, making removal difficult.

Parts and Situations Prone to Color Transfer

Color transfer tends to occur more frequently with specific parts and situations. The most common area is where the costume contacts the skin. Cases where black tights, leggings, skirts, or boots touch the thighs or ankles, leaving black marks on the skin parts, are frequently observed.

The contact area between hair and face is also a critical point for color transfer. Especially with characters that have long hair, if the bangs or side hair touch the cheeks or neck, the hair's paint color may transfer to the skin. Additionally, color transfer can occur at contact points between accessory parts like hats or ribbons and the main body.

When a figure is fixed in the same pose for an extended period, the contact area between parts increases, and continuous pressure raises the risk of color transfer. Furthermore, in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, the movement of plasticizers becomes more active, accelerating color transfer. Extra caution is needed during the rainy season and summer.

Differences Between Color Transfer and Other Deterioration Phenomena

Figures can experience several deterioration phenomena besides color transfer, each with different causes and countermeasures. Yellowing is caused by the aging of materials due to ultraviolet rays or heat, resulting in the entire part turning yellow. In contrast to color transfer, which occurs only at specific contact points, yellowing spreads across the entire exposed surface.

Stickiness is a phenomenon where plasticizers contained in PVC material bleed to the surface, resulting in a sticky feel when touched. While color transfer is a visual change, stickiness can be identified through touch. However, since both stickiness and color transfer are related to the same plasticizers, they can occur simultaneously.

Paint peeling is a phenomenon where paint comes off due to physical impact or friction. The underlying color becomes visible, resulting in a different appearance from color transfer. The significant difference is that color transfer only involves pigment adhering while the paint itself remains, whereas paint peeling results in the loss of the paint layer.

Mechanism and Causes of Color Transfer

Understanding the mechanism behind color transfer allows for effective preventive measures. The primary cause of color transfer is the movement of an additive known as "plasticizer." Plasticizers are chemical substances added to make PVC material softer and easier to mold, but over time, these plasticizers seep to the surface of the material.

This phenomenon is referred to as "bleed" or "migration." When plasticizers come to the surface, they act as a medium that dissolves and moves the paint pigments of other parts they are in contact with. In other words, plasticizers become the "carriers of pigments," transferring color from darker parts to lighter parts.

PVC figures are widely used due to their manufacturing cost and ease of molding, but the bleed phenomenon of plasticizers cannot be avoided. Parts that contain a lot of plasticizers to achieve a soft texture (such as hair or parts of costumes) tend to experience the bleed phenomenon more easily.

In high-temperature and high-humidity environments, the movement of plasticizers accelerates. When the temperature is high, molecular motion becomes more active, allowing plasticizers to move more easily to the surface. Additionally, when pressure is applied between parts, the contact area increases, promoting the movement of plasticizers and pigments.

What is a Plasticizer? Its Role and Issues

A plasticizer (かそざい) is a chemical substance added to plastics to provide flexibility. PVC resin is originally a hard material, but by adding plasticizers, it transforms into a softer and more workable material. The moderate flexibility of figure hair parts and costume parts is thanks to these plasticizers.

As time passes after a figure is manufactured, plasticizers gradually move from within the material to the surface. This is a diffusion phenomenon at the molecular level, and it cannot be completely prevented. The plasticizers that come to the surface form a state similar to an oily film, which can also cause stickiness.

While the emergence of plasticizers on the surface is an unavoidable phenomenon, the problem arises when these plasticizers come into contact with the paint of other parts. Plasticizers have the property of dissolving the pigment components of paint, so they absorb pigments from darker colored parts in contact and transport them to lighter colored parts. This is the mechanism of color transfer.

Three Conditions that Accelerate Color Transfer

Color transfer progresses rapidly when the following three conditions are met. The first condition is high temperature. When the room temperature exceeds 28°C, the molecular motion of plasticizers becomes active, accelerating the bleeding phenomenon. Rooms in the middle of summer, heated rooms, and places exposed to direct sunlight by windows are particularly dangerous.

The second condition is high humidity. In environments where humidity exceeds 70%, PVC materials absorb moisture and expand, making it easier for plasticizers to move. During the rainy season or in the high humidity periods of summer, the risk of color transfer is at its highest throughout the year. If dehumidification measures are neglected, visible color transfer can occur in just a few weeks.

The third condition is prolonged pressure. When parts are in strong contact for an extended period, the contact area increases, promoting the movement of plasticizers and pigments. For example, in a sitting pose figure where the thighs and skirt are in close contact, or in a pose where hair is pressed strongly against the face, pressure accelerates color transfer. If displayed in the same pose for more than six months, the probability of color transfer occurring at the contact points increases.

Five Methods to Prevent Color Transfer

To prevent color transfer, it is effective to combine multiple measures. Here, we will explain five practical and proven methods in detail.

Method 1: Protect the Surface with Renaissance Wax

Renaissance Wax is one of the most effective measures for preventing color transfer in figures. This wax is a specialized protective agent used to protect artworks at the British Museum, forming a thin protective film on the surface of PVC figures.

The greatest advantage of Renaissance Wax is that it can physically block the bleeding of plasticizers. By covering the surface of the parts with a wax film, it suppresses the emergence of plasticizers on the surface while also preventing pigment movement from other parts. Additionally, it has UV-cut effects, making it effective against yellowing as well.

The effects after application last for about 6 months to 1 year. When you feel that the wax film has thinned, reapplying it allows for long-term protection. It is especially recommended for expensive figures or figures with black costumes that are prone to color transfer, starting from right after purchase.

However, it is important to apply the wax thinly and evenly. Applying it too thickly can cause white residue or unevenness. Also, for figures with unstable paint or matte-finished parts, it is advisable to test it on inconspicuous areas before use.

Steps for Applying Renaissance Wax

First, take a small amount of wax on a cotton swab or soft cloth. Do not take too much at once; a grain of rice-sized amount is sufficient. Next, apply it thinly and evenly to the areas of concern for color transfer (such as the contact points between skin parts and costumes). By applying it gently in a circular motion, you can achieve an even coating.

After applying, leave it for about 5 minutes to allow the wax to dry. The surface becoming smooth is a sign that drying is complete. Finally, gently polish it with a dry, soft cloth. This process removes excess wax and creates a natural shine. The key is to polish gently without rubbing hard, as if caressing the surface.

Method 2: Insert Vinyl or Cooking Paper

To avoid direct contact between parts, inserting thin vinyl or cooking paper between them is also effective. This method is easy and low-cost while providing high preventive effects. Suitable materials include plastic wrap, small cut pieces of clear file, or cooking paper (oven sheet).

The advantages of vinyl material are its high transparency and minimal impact on appearance. When using clear files, cut them small to fit the contact areas and insert them between figures or at the contact points between costumes and skin. By placing them as flat as possible to avoid wrinkles, they become less noticeable.

Cooking paper has the benefit of being breathable and has the property of absorbing plasticizers, which offers different advantages compared to vinyl. However, its white color makes it more noticeable, which is a drawback. It is advisable to use it in areas that are less visible or as dividers when displaying multiple figures in a case.

It is recommended to replace the inserted vinyl or paper every three months. Prolonged use can cause plasticizers to adhere to the vinyl itself or discolor the paper. Checking the condition of the contact areas during replacement can also lead to early detection of color transfer.

Method ③: Fixing Parts to Avoid Contact

If the parts do not come into contact with each other, color transfer will not occur. Using figure stands or acrylic rods to physically separate areas at high risk of color transfer is effective.

The simplest method is to use the included stand properly. Many figures come with dedicated stands, which can support parts of the body and reduce contact areas. This is especially true for figures in one-legged poses or floating poses, where the stand minimizes contact between the costume and skin.

You can also use commercially available acrylic rods or clear parts to keep hair slightly away from the face. By placing a transparent acrylic rod behind the hair, you can prevent bangs or side hair from sticking to the cheeks. If positioned discreetly, there will be little discomfort when viewing.

When displaying multiple figures, ensure there is enough space between them to avoid contact. Especially when storing them in boxes, use cushioning materials to prevent figures from touching each other.

Method ④: Regularly Change Poses

For movable figures, changing poses every 2-3 months can help avoid long-term pressure on the same areas. For fixed pose figures, adjusting angles or fine-tuning contact points within possible limits is also effective.

For example, for a sitting pose figure, regularly changing it to a standing pose or slightly shifting the position of the feet can change the contact surfaces. If hair is touching the face, adjust the hair position to shift the contact points.

It is also important to check for signs of color transfer at the time of pose change. If there are slight color changes, early detection and action can be taken. Regular pose changes not only prevent color transfer but also provide an opportunity to enjoy the figures with a fresh perspective.

Method ⑤: Optimize Storage Environment

By properly managing temperature and humidity, you can significantly suppress the phenomenon of plasticizer bleed. The ideal storage environment is a temperature of 20-25°C and humidity below 50%. Maintaining these conditions minimizes the risk of color transfer.

In summer, use air conditioning to lower the room temperature and control humidity with dehumidifiers or desiccants. Especially during the rainy season, humidity can exceed 80%, so proactive dehumidification measures are necessary. If managing the humidity of the entire room where the figures are displayed is difficult, placing a small dehumidifier inside the figure case can also be effective.

Avoid places where direct sunlight hits. Displaying figures near windows poses risks of temperature increases from sunlight and yellowing from UV rays. A cool, dark place is ideal, but if you want to enjoy viewing, using cases with UV-cut glass or blocking sunlight with curtains can be effective.

In winter, it can become too dry, but regarding color transfer, being dry is safer. However, extreme dryness can lead to other deterioration (such as dust adhesion due to static electricity), so maintaining humidity around 40-50% is a good balance.

How to Remove Color Transfer if It Occurs

No matter how much you take precautions, color transfer can still happen. If you discover color transfer, addressing it promptly increases the chances of removal. Choose the appropriate removal method based on the degree of color transfer.

Mild Color Transfer: Remove with an Eraser

If you find a faint color transfer that has just occurred, it can often be removed with a plastic eraser. Common plastic erasers like MONO or AIN, which can be purchased at stationery stores, can be used. Choose a white, uncolored eraser rather than a colored one.

When using an eraser, the most important thing is not to apply too much pressure. Rubbing too hard can wear away the paint or scratch the surface. Lightly touch the eraser to the discolored area and gently rub in one direction. If eraser residue accumulates, continue working while frequently brushing it off.

If after a few rubs the discoloration has faded, it is within the range that can be removed with an eraser. Conversely, if there is no change after several rubs, the pigment may have penetrated deeply, and you will need to try a different method. After removal, wipe the surface with a dry, soft cloth to completely remove any eraser residue.

Correct Use of Erasers

Prepare a clean eraser. Using a dirty eraser can cause dirt to adhere instead, so it’s a good idea to shave the surface with a cutter to expose a new side.

Lightly touch the eraser to the discolored area and gently rub in one direction. Instead of rubbing in circles, use a linear motion to gradually remove the color. When eraser residue accumulates, gently brush it off with a brush or blower. Continuing to rub with residue left can cause it to act like an abrasive and scratch the surface.

Moderate Discoloration: Use a Dedicated Cleaner

For moderate discoloration that cannot be removed with an eraser, model-specific cleaners are effective. Tamiya's makeup materials series or GSI Creos's Mr. Color thinner can be used, but caution is necessary.

These cleaners contain components that dissolve paint, so overuse can risk dissolving the original paint as well. Soak a small amount on the tip of a cotton swab and lightly press it against the discolored area. Instead of rubbing, imagine gently tapping to lift the pigment.

Once the discoloration has faded, stop using the cleaner immediately and wipe it off with a dry cloth. It’s important not to try to remove it completely in one go, but to proceed gradually while observing the results. It’s safer to test on an inconspicuous area before using it on a prominent part.

When using a dedicated cleaner, ensure proper ventilation and avoid prolonged use. Due to the volatile nature of the components, using them in a confined space can affect health.

Severe Discoloration: Try Melamine Sponge or Baking Soda Water

If the pigment has deeply penetrated due to prolonged neglect, you can try using a melamine sponge or baking soda water. However, these methods carry a high risk of stripping the paint, so consider them as a last resort.

Melamine sponges (like "Geki-Ochi-kun") remove discoloration through physical abrasion. Wet the sponge with water, wring it out tightly, and gently rub the discolored area. Melamine sponges have strong abrasive power, so even a few rubs can be effective, but there is also a high risk of stripping the paint.

Another method is to use baking soda water. Create a solution by dissolving one teaspoon of baking soda in 200ml of water, soak a soft cloth in it, and wipe the discolored area. The weak alkalinity of baking soda helps lift oily pigments, but it also has some impact on the paint.

Before trying these methods, always test on an inconspicuous area. Depending on the condition of the paint and the material of the figure, it may be possible to remove the discoloration, or it may worsen. For expensive figures or important collections, consider consulting a professional restoration service.

Do Not Do: NG Actions

There are NG actions that can worsen the situation when trying to remove discoloration. The most important thing to avoid is using alcohol (ethanol). Alcohol has a very strong solvent action that can strip not only the discoloration but also the original paint.

Rubbing too hard is also strictly prohibited. Rubbing with excessive force can scratch the surface or strip the paint. Avoid using abrasive sponges or hard brushes. Methods like pouring boiling water or using a hairdryer to blow hot air can also risk deforming PVC materials, so they are NG.

Avoid using thinner or solvents directly. These can dissolve not only the paint but also the PVC material itself. Nail polish remover (acetone) is similarly dangerous. There are various removal methods introduced on the internet, but it is recommended not to try methods whose safety has not been confirmed.

Maintenance Schedule to Prevent Discoloration

To effectively prevent discoloration, regular maintenance is essential. By systematically implementing everything from daily checks to seasonal measures, you can keep your precious figures looking beautiful for a long time.

Monthly Checklist

Check the contact points of the figures visually at least once a month. Pay special attention to the boundaries between costumes and skin, and the contact points between hair and face, where color transfer is likely to occur. If the color change is subtle, using a magnifying glass can make it easier to spot.

The initial signs of color transfer appear as faint color changes. Even a change that feels like "it seems a bit darker than before" can become more pronounced if left unattended, so it’s best to address it early. At this stage, it is often easy to remove with an eraser.

Checking the storage environment is also included in the monthly check. Measure the room temperature and humidity with a thermometer and hygrometer, and confirm that they are within the ideal range (temperature 20-25°C, humidity below 50%). If it is outside this range, adjust it with air conditioning or a dehumidifier. If you are using a dehumidifying agent, check the moisture absorption level and replace it as necessary.

Seasonal Precautions

The risk of color transfer varies greatly with the seasons. During the rainy season (May to July), humidity rises sharply, so it is necessary to strengthen dehumidification measures. Install twice the usual amount of dehumidifying agents or run a dehumidifier 24 hours a day to keep humidity below 50%. Weekly checks during this period are ideal.

In summer (July to September), pay attention to both high temperatures and high humidity. Keeping the room temperature below 25°C with air conditioning is the most effective. Figures displayed in places prone to heat accumulation, such as near windows or in attics, are particularly at risk for accelerated color transfer, so be cautious. If possible, it is recommended to move them to a cooler place, even if just for the summer.

In winter (December to February), while being cautious of dryness caused by heating, the risk of color transfer is relatively low. However, placing figures near heating devices can create localized high temperatures, so arrange them away from heaters or stoves. Spring and autumn have relatively stable climates, but on days with significant temperature fluctuations, ventilate the area and replace the air inside the figure case to prevent moisture buildup.

Summary: Prevent Color Transfer and Keep Figures Beautiful

Color transfer in figures is a phenomenon where pigments move through plasticizers. It accelerates in high temperature and humidity environments or under prolonged pressure, making the maintenance of an appropriate storage environment crucial. The ideal storage conditions are a temperature of 20-25°C and humidity below 50%, with active dehumidification measures especially necessary during the rainy season and summer.

Preventive measures include combining five approaches: surface protection with Renaissance wax, inserting vinyl or cooking paper, fixing methods to avoid contact between parts, regular pose changes, and optimizing the storage environment, which can significantly reduce the risk of color transfer. Renaissance wax, in particular, is a highly reliable protective agent used even in the British Museum, offering not only protection against color transfer but also UV cut effects, making it especially recommended for expensive figures.

In the unlikely event that color transfer occurs, it can often be removed with an eraser if detected early. If left unattended, removal can become difficult, so make it a habit to conduct regular checks once a month. For moderate to severe color transfer, specialized cleaners or melamine sponges can also be used, but use them cautiously as they carry the risk of damaging the paint.

For more comprehensive information on general figure maintenance methods, yellowing countermeasures, dust prevention, and more, please refer to "Complete Guide to Figure Maintenance | Thorough Explanation from Yellowing, Color Transfer, Dust Prevention to Storage Methods". With the right knowledge and regular care, keep your precious figures beautiful for a long time.